Using Recycled Water
Recycled water from Melbourne’s two major sewage treatment plants is used onsite or sold to offsite customers.
Depending on the level of treatment provided, recycled water can be used for:
- agricultural irrigation of vineyards, market gardens
- watering parks and gardens and zoological gardens and keeping recreational and sporting areas green
- some industrial processes
- toilet flushing and garden watering
- habitat conservation.
The use of recycled water depends on the level of treatment it has received. Historically in Victoria a classification system, developed by the EPA, ensured that recycled water was used in a way that protected public health and the environment. This was particularly in relation to water-borne pathogens (disease-causing microbes).
Classifications:
| Class | Range of uses |
|---|---|
| A |
Urban (non-potable): with uncontrolled public access. Agricultural: e.g. human food crops consumed raw. Industrial: open systems with worker exposure potential. Plus any Class B, C and D uses |
| B |
Agricultural: e.g. dairy cattle grazing. Industrial: e.g. wash down water. Plus any Class C and D uses |
| C |
Urban (non-potable) with controlled public access. Agricultural: eg human food crops cooked/processed, grazing/fodder for livestock. Industrial: systems with no potential worker exposure. Plus any Class D uses |
| D | Agricultural: non-food crops including instant turf, woodlots, flowers. |
Source: EPA Victoria: Guidelines for Environmental Management, Use of Reclaimed Water, November 2003.
National guidelines are also now available. See Australian Guidelines for Water Recycling, which require the water to be ‘fit for the intended purpose’ rather than prescribing the quality of water in ‘classes’. Environmental factors, such as salinity and nutrient levels, also need to be considered to ensure recycled water is suitable for the intended use.
It is important to match the quality of recycled water to its intended use.
Upgrades to our sewage treatment plants have improved the quality of recycled water and made it suitable for a wider range of uses.
Melbourne Water, in conjunction with our water industry partners and the government are continuing to develop programs to support recycled water to be used by farmers, industry, local councils and households.